Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who they lobby for
This registrant files only on its own behalf — it has never reported a fee for representing anyone else.
Reported as lobbying expenses
Money reported as spent on lobbying rather than as a fee charged to a client.
This record groups every filed spelling of the registrant's name into one entity, so punctuation variants of the same firm read as one. The grouping is the registrant's normalized name — firms that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: defenders-of-wildlife.
Reading this · An LD-2 reports either a fee the registrant charged or expenses it spent, never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. The expenses basis is what an organization lobbying on its own behalf files — usually for itself, sometimes for an affiliate under a different name — so a name on the second list is the client the filing names, not necessarily a claim that the registrant lobbied for someone else's account. Across every relationship on file — not just those shown — this registrant reported $0 in fees and $7.5M in expenses.
ANI · 1 client
57 filings
$6.7M on those filings
Homeland Security
HOM · 1 client
40 filings
$4.2M on those filings
Defense
DEF · 1 client
38 filings
$4.4M on those filings
Immigration
IMM · 1 client
30 filings
$3M on those filings
Energy/Nuclear
ENG · 1 client
19 filings
$2.7M on those filings
Agriculture
AGR · 1 client
18 filings
$2.3M on those filings
Disaster Planning/Emergencies
DIS · 1 client
13 filings
$1.3M on those filings
Transportation
TRA · 1 client
5 filings
$1M on those filings
Government Issues
GOV · 1 client
5 filings
$850K on those filings
Roads/Highway
ROD · 1 client
5 filings
$681K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore money on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
Curt Chaffin13 filings1 client · through 2022
Cassie Angelina Ferri12 filings1 client · through 2026
Bart Daniel Johnsen-Harris11 filings1 client · through 2023
Sarah Lessard11 filings1 client · through 2021
Alexandra Adams10 filings1 client · through 2013
Christopher Westfall9 filings1 client · through 2026
Taylor Kate Rush8 filings1 client · through 2026
Michael Ryan Harris8 filings1 client · through 2018
Tara Lewis7 filings1 client · through 2020
David Degennaro6 filings1 client · through 2014
Kristin Butler5 filings1 client · through 2022
Brendan Tate5 filings1 client · through 2011
Sara Chieffo5 filings1 client · through 2009
Melanie Thornton4 filings1 client · through 2019
Robert DavisonCovered position: Deputy Assistant Secretary for Fish Wildlife and P4 filings1 client · through 2014
Marcia Lesky4 filings1 client · through 2008
Caroline Kennedy2 filings1 client · through 2008
Michael Leahy1 filing1 client · through 2026
Aimee Delach1 filing1 client · through 2008
Covered positions · 1 of 25 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. A covered official position is the LD-2 field a lobbyist uses to report having held one; the text is reproduced exactly as filed.
