Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
Issue areas declared on the filings, ranked by how many filings name each one.
Natural Resources
NAT
79 filings
$7.5M on those filings
Budget/Appropriations
BUD
68 filings
$7.5M on those filings
Animals
ANI
Bills named in the filings
The 15 most-cited of 1,232 bill references, extracted from the activity descriptions.
H.R. 1142118th CongressTo amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973 to require consideration of economic impact in making a listing decision with respect to the list of threatened and endangered species, and for other purposes.10 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 1245118th CongressGrizzly Bear State Management Act of 202310 filingsthrough 2024
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: defenders-of-wildlife.
fees reported
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Reported as lobbying expenses
Money reported as spent on lobbying rather than as a fee paid to an outside firm. See the full list.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
57 filings
$6.7M on those filings
Homeland Security
HOM
40 filings
$4.2M on those filings
Defense
DEF
38 filings
$4.4M on those filings
Immigration
IMM
30 filings
$3M on those filings
Energy/Nuclear
ENG
19 filings
$2.7M on those filings
Agriculture
AGR
18 filings
$2.3M on those filings
Disaster Planning/Emergencies
DIS
13 filings
$1.3M on those filings
Communications/Broadcasting/Radio/TV
COM
10 filings
$6K on those filings
Transportation
TRA
5 filings
$1M on those filings
Government Issues
GOV
5 filings
$850K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
H.R. 248118th CongressPromoting Local Management of the Lesser Prairie Chicken Act10 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 518118th CongressEndangered Species Transparency and Reasonableness Act of 202310 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 520118th CongressTo amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973 to provide that artificially propagated animals shall be treated the same under that Act as naturally propagated animals, and for other purposes.10 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 764118th CongressTrust the Science Act10 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 94118th CongressAmerican Sovereignty and Species Protection Act10 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 97118th CongressArmed Forces Endangered Species Exemption Act10 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 99118th CongressLIST Act of 202310 filingsthrough 2024
H.Res. 195118th CongressExpressing the need for the Federal Government to establish a national biodiversity strategy for protecting biodiversity for current and future generations.10 filingsthrough 2024
S. 445118th CongressGrizzly Bear State Management Act of 202310 filingsthrough 2024
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Jenny KeatingeDefenders of Wildlife
14 filingsthrough 2017
Curt ChaffinDefenders of Wildlife13 filingsthrough 2022
Cassie Angelina FerriDefenders of Wildlife12 filingsthrough 2026
