Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who they lobby for
This registrant files only on its own behalf — it has never reported a fee for representing anyone else.
Reported as lobbying expenses
Money reported as spent on lobbying rather than as a fee charged to a client.
This record groups every filed spelling of the registrant's name into one entity, so punctuation variants of the same firm read as one. The grouping is the registrant's normalized name — firms that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: american-optometric-association.
Reading this · An LD-2 reports either a fee the registrant charged or expenses it spent, never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. The expenses basis is what an organization lobbying on its own behalf files — usually for itself, sometimes for an affiliate under a different name — so a name on the second list is the client the filing names, not necessarily a claim that the registrant lobbied for someone else's account. Across every relationship on file — not just those shown — this registrant reported $0 in fees and $31M in expenses.
VET · 1 client
39 filings
$15.2M on those filings
Insurance
INS · 1 client
37 filings
$14.1M on those filings
Budget/Appropriations
BUD · 1 client
34 filings
$14.1M on those filings
Education
EDU · 1 client
34 filings
$13M on those filings
Advertising
ADV · 1 client
22 filings
$8M on those filings
Consumer Issues/Safety/Products
CSP · 1 client
15 filings
$5M on those filings
Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities
FIN · 1 client
9 filings
$3.8M on those filings
Defense
DEF · 1 client
9 filings
$2.9M on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX · 1 client
7 filings
$3.7M on those filings
Alcohol and Drug Abuse
ALC · 1 client
7 filings
$2.7M on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore money on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
Ruth Ellen HazdovacCovered position: Legislative Assistant - Rep. Devin Nunes21 filings1 client · through 2026
Alison Manson20 filings1 client · through 2020
David S Danielson17 filings1 client · through 2013
Sally Guthrie16 filings1 client · through 2022
Chase CannonCovered position: Rep. Earl L "Buddy" Carter15 filings1 client · through 2020
Lauren FinkelsteinCovered position: Legislative Assistant Rep Mark Kirk (IL 10)8 filings1 client · through 2013
Adrianne Drollette7 filings1 client · through 2009
Monica L SwintzCovered position: April 2012-September 2013, Director of Scheduling, Sen. Robert P. Casey, Jr. August 2009-April 2012, Executive Asst/Office Manager, Conresswoman Zoe Lofgren. April 2002-July 2006, Constituent Outreach Coordinator, Sen. Evan Bayh.5 filings1 client · through 2016
Madison Lamp4 filings1 client · through 2023
Jodi Chappell Mitchell3 filings1 client · through 2008
Covered positions · 5 of 17 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. A covered official position is the LD-2 field a lobbyist uses to report having held one; the text is reproduced exactly as filed.
