Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
Issue areas declared on the filings, ranked by how many filings name each one.
Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities
FIN
58 filings
$1.8M on those filings
Banking
BAN
32 filings
$940K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
Bills named in the filings
Every bill reference extracted from the filings' activity descriptions.
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Who did the lobbying
Every lobbyist named on this client's filings.
Charles SpiesDickinson Wright PLLC31 filingsthrough 2026
Lawrence ParksForethought Advisors, LLC27 filingsthrough 2026
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: affirm-inc.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
spend on filings that named this issue
4 filings
through 2019
Sloane Skinner CarloughClark Hill, PLCCovered position: Law Clerk, Senator Rand Paul.4 filingsthrough 2019
Matt HoffmannBgr Government AffairsCovered position: St. Asst., LC, Sen. LC Rep. Vitter; LA, Sen. LA, LD Rep. Paul Ryan; Budget Analyst Rep. Paul Ryan; St. Dir. Health Subcmte House W&M Cmte; Policy Analyst Off. Speaker; Policy Dir. Sen. Fin Cmte.; Staff Dir. House Fin. Serv. Cmte.3 filingsthrough 2026
Noah MarineInvariant LLCCovered position: Leg. Dir, Rep. Ed Perlmutter (2013-2017); Leg. Asst, Rep. Ed Perlmutter (2011-2013)2 filingsthrough 2026
