Carollo Engineers Inc

Reverse Osmosis (RO) Is Required for Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR) and Direct Potable Reuse (DPR) in California, and Likely Required or Preferred for DPR in Other Western States. Ro Is Effective at Removing Many Contaminants, Such as Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (pfas), Present in All Wastewater Effluent. However Ro Partitions These Contaminants Into Ro Concentrate (ROC) Without Destroying Them. This Presents a Critical Management Challenge, Since Background Water Quality in Roc Interferes With Most Established and Emerging Pfas Treatment Technologies Like Ion Exchange or Granular Activated Carbon. Treating Pfas in Wastewater Effluent Prior to Ro Would Also Be a Challenge With Current Technologies Because of the Water Quality. These Limitations as Well as Forthcoming Regulations on Pfas in Roc Could Thus Make Reuse Substantially More Expensive, If Not Impossible, Without an Innovative Technological Solution. Surface Active Foam Fractionation (SAFF) Presents a New Alternative Which Harnesses the Surfactant Nature of Pfas to Extract Them Into a Foamate That Is Many Orders of Magnitude Smaller in Volume. Saff Is Resilient to Background Water Quality, and the Volume of Foamate Is Small Enough to Enable Full-scale, Energy-efficient Use of Emerging Pfas Destroying Technologies Such as Plasma, Today. Like Saff, Prior Studies Have Found Plasma Is Relatively Resilient to Water Quality Compared to Other Pfas-destroying Technology. for This Project, We Will Pilot Saff for Pfas Removal From Roc From the Hyperion Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Pilot at Los Angeles Department of Sanitations Hyperion Water Reclamation Plant. the Hyperion MBR Pilot Includes Two Pilot Ro Units and Is a Step Towards the Largest Planned Reuse Facility in the World. Foamate From This Pilot Will Be Tested for Bench-scale Plasma Pfas Destruction. We Will Also Trial a Novel Pfas Sensor for Saff Monitoring and Industrial Surveillance.