Carollo Engineers Inc

For Both Direct Potable Reuse and Indirect Potable Reuse Applications, There Are Two Prevailing Treatment Approaches: One Centered on Reverse Osmosis, Known as Reverse Osmosis-based Advanced Treatment, and the Other Known as Carbon-based Advanced Treatment and Based on a Combination of Ozone-biologically Active Filtration and Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption. Yet, These Status Quo Treatment Technologies Can Only Meet Potable Reuse Water Quality Goals While Generating Large Volumes of Residual Waste Streams and Consuming Intensive Amounts of Energy. This Project Proposes the Testing of In-situ Resin Regeneration Using Bicarbonate, Which Consists of Suspended Ion Exchange for Dissolved Organic Matter and Inorganic Anion (e.g., Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate, Sulfate, Bromide, Chloride, Etc.) Removal, In-situ Resin Regeneration Using Bicarbonate, and Softening for Hardness and Further Total Dissolved Solids Removal. Compared to Reverse Osmosis-based Advanced Treatment, In-situ Resin Regeneration Using Bicarbonate Addresses Chemical and Potentially Pathogenic Contaminants Without Producing a Large Volume of Reverse Osmosis-based Advanced Treatment Concentrate. by Coupling Ion Exchange and Softening Processes, In-situ Resin Regeneration Using Bicarbonate Provides Multiple Treatment Barriers for Both Inorganic and Organic Contaminants and Thus Improving the Overall Treated Water Quality as Compared to Carbon-based Advanced Treatment.