Northland College

Programming Supports a Comprehensive Network of Cooperative Study Units to Facilitate Cooperative Research, Technical Assistance, Education, and Training to Inform Science-based Management of the National Park System. the Study Units Facilitate Multi-disciplinary Science and Integrated Information Products Across Multiple Geographic Regions of the National Park System. Overabundant White-tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus Can Have a Wide Range of Impacts on Forest Ecosystems. Management of Overabundant White-tailed Deer Populations to Achieve Broader Ecosystem Goals Can Be Challenging, Especially on Island Systems Where Management Actions Are More Logistically Challenging. North Manitou Island of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Has a History of Deer Management Efforts to Achieve Ecosystem Goals. It Is Important to Assess Such Efforts to Evaluate the Success of Management and to Help Guide Any Necessary Modifications to Management Strategies.beneficiaries Include State and Local Governments, Federally Recognized Indian Tribal Governments, Public Private Nonprofit Organizations, Nonprofit Institutions of Higher Education, and the General Public).