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Environment, Mutation, Cancer: a History of the Ames Test [from the 1960S to the 1980S, Cancer Was Predominantly Viewed as an Environmental Disease, One That Could Be Controlled by Regulating Exposure to Carcinogenic Chemicals. My Book Examines These Ideas From the Lab Bench Up, by Following the Trajectory of an Influential Petri Dish Test (the ?ames Test?) Used to Identify Potential Cancer-causing Substances. the History of the Ames Test Provides a Prism for Viewing Both the Changing Landscape of Cancer Biology and the Struggle Between Environmentalists and Industry Over Us Chemicals Regulation, in Which Testing Requirements Became a Political Battleground. at the Same Time, the Preoccupation With Cancer-causing Mutations That Had Prompted the Invention of the Test Carried Over Into the Human Genome Project and the Concurrent Emphasis on Managing Cancer Risk Through Lifestyle. by the 1990S, Mutations Were Viewed Personal Burdens More Than Environmental Threats, Reflecting a Broader Shift From Protective Regulation to Neoliberal Governance.]