Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who they lobby for
This registrant files only on its own behalf — it has never reported a fee for representing anyone else.
Reported as lobbying expenses
Money reported as spent on lobbying rather than as a fee charged to a client.
This record groups every filed spelling of the registrant's name into one entity, so punctuation variants of the same firm read as one. The grouping is the registrant's normalized name — firms that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: southern-company.
Reading this · An LD-2 reports either a fee the registrant charged or expenses it spent, never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. The expenses basis is what an organization lobbying on its own behalf files — usually for itself, sometimes for an affiliate under a different name — so a name on the second list is the client the filing names, not necessarily a claim that the registrant lobbied for someone else's account. Across every relationship on file — not just those shown — this registrant reported $0 in fees and $205.4M in expenses.
CDT · 1 client
59 filings
$174.5M on those filings
Energy/Nuclear
ENG · 1 client
59 filings
$174.5M on those filings
Environment/Superfund
ENV · 1 client
59 filings
$174.5M on those filings
Homeland Security
HOM · 1 client
59 filings
$174.5M on those filings
Budget/Appropriations
BUD · 1 client
59 filings
$174.5M on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX · 1 client
58 filings
$170.5M on those filings
Utilities
UTI · 1 client
55 filings
$160.7M on those filings
Telecommunications
TEC · 1 client
47 filings
$136.6M on those filings
Small Business
SMB · 1 client
19 filings
$51.1M on those filings
Trade (domestic/foreign)
TRD · 1 client
5 filings
$19.5M on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore money on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
73 filings1 client · through 2024
Noel W Black67 filings1 client · through 2025
WILLIE E. (J.R.) ROBINSON jr61 filings1 client · through 2026
Daniel Stephen MurrayCovered position: Senior Policy Adviser, U.S. Sen. James E Risch (ID)59 filings1 client · through 2026
Leroy D NixCovered position: Legislative Aide, U.S. Sen. Jeff Sessions (AL)53 filings1 client · through 2020
Bryan D Anderson52 filings1 client · through 2020
Melissa H Horton50 filings1 client · through 2026
JAMES M MCCOOL sr48 filings1 client · through 2018
Gifford W Ormes43 filings1 client · through 2019
Alex B Mccrary34 filings1 client · through 2020
Gregory L Smith34 filings1 client · through 2018
Leslie Ray Harry34 filings1 client · through 2017
Joseph Wells Ellenberg30 filings1 client · through 2023
Stephen J Stiglets27 filings1 client · through 2026
Sarah Katherine GainerCovered position: Legislative Assistant, U.S. Senator George Voinovich (OH)24 filings1 client · through 2026
Stoney G BurkeCovered position: Legislative Aide, U.S. Rep. Chet Edwards (TX)21 filings1 client · through 2014
JULIAN HOUSTON SMITH iii18 filings1 client · through 2018
Carl A Punyko18 filings1 client · through 2013
Lisa Barbas Luftig13 filings1 client · through 2018
Alison Howell Steineker10 filings1 client · through 2026
ALFRED PADILLA jr10 filings1 client · through 2023
S Lofton Cox10 filings1 client · through 2011
Kyle C Leach10 filings1 client · through 2011
John L PembertonCovered position: Counsel, U.S. Senate Env & Pub. Works Comm.7 filings1 client · through 2010
Justin FolsomCovered position: Legislative Director, Sen. Jon Tester (MT)6 filings1 client · through 2026
Billy F Thornton5 filings1 client · through 2012
JOHN WATSON DONALD iii4 filings1 client · through 2021
Covered positions · 11 of 37 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. A covered official position is the LD-2 field a lobbyist uses to report having held one; the text is reproduced exactly as filed.
