Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who they lobby for
This registrant files only on its own behalf — it has never reported a fee for representing anyone else.
Reported as lobbying expenses
Money reported as spent on lobbying rather than as a fee charged to a client.
This record groups every filed spelling of the registrant's name into one entity, so punctuation variants of the same firm read as one. The grouping is the registrant's normalized name — firms that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: giffords.
Reading this · An LD-2 reports either a fee the registrant charged or expenses it spent, never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. The expenses basis is what an organization lobbying on its own behalf files — usually for itself, sometimes for an affiliate under a different name — so a name on the second list is the client the filing names, not necessarily a claim that the registrant lobbied for someone else's account. Across every relationship on file — not just those shown — this registrant reported $0 in fees and $3.8M in expenses.
HCR · 1 client
50 filings
$3.8M on those filings
Budget/Appropriations
BUD · 1 client
38 filings
$3.6M on those filings
Education
EDU · 1 client
32 filings
$2.9M on those filings
Homeland Security
HOM · 1 client
23 filings
$1.9M on those filings
Veterans
VET · 1 client
16 filings
$1.8M on those filings
Defense
DEF · 1 client
13 filings
$1.5M on those filings
Government Issues
GOV · 1 client
1 filing
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore money on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
David H Chipman
17 filings1 client · through 2020
Rukmani Devi BhatiaCovered position: Special Assistant to the Assistant Administrator for Europe and Eurasia - U.S. Agency for International Development16 filings1 client · through 2023
Miri CypersCovered position: Office Manager - Rep. Steve IsraelLegislative Correspondent - Rep. Steve IsraelLegislative Correspondent/Legis. Aide - Rep. Steve Israel15 filings1 client · through 2017
Tom Schnoor14 filings1 client · through 2020
Kevin Joseph O'KeefeCovered position: Legislative Correspondent - Office of Rep. Jahana Hayes; Staff Assistant - Office of Sen. Tammy Duckworth13 filings1 client · through 2022
Alexandra KingCovered position: Staff Assistant, Office of Sen. Dianne Feinstein; Legislative Correspondent, Office of Sen. Dianne Feinstein; Judiciary Aide to Sen. Feinstein, US Senate Committee on the Judiciary10 filings1 client · through 2025
Emma SilverCovered position: Staff Assistant, Legislative Correspondent, Scheduler/Executive Assistant, and Legislative Aide; Rep. Brad Sherman6 filings1 client · through 2026
Lindsey Parker5 filings1 client · through 2014
Lale MorrisonCovered position: Rep. Jared Moskowitz (CoS), Rep. Stephanie Murphy (CoS, Senior Comms. and Policy Adviser), Rep. Charlie Crist (Senior Adviser), Rep. Alcee Hastings (CoS), House Rules Comm. (Rules Associate), Commission on Security and Cooperation (Comms. Director)4 filings1 client · through 2026
Madelyn CobbCovered position: Legislative Intern - Sherrod Brown (May 2019 - Aug. 2019)4 filings1 client · through 2026
Covered positions · 8 of 15 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. A covered official position is the LD-2 field a lobbyist uses to report having held one; the text is reproduced exactly as filed.
