Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: yale-university.
$370K
fees reported
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Reported as lobbying expenses
Money reported as spent on lobbying rather than as a fee paid to an outside firm. See the full list.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
51 filings
$7.4M on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX
49 filings
$6.9M on those filings
Immigration
IMM
36 filings
$5M on those filings
Health Issues
HCR
22 filings
$3.1M on those filings
Copyright/Patent/Trademark
CPT
21 filings
$2.9M on those filings
Transportation
TRA
9 filings
$1.2M on those filings
Government Issues
GOV
9 filings
$1.2M on those filings
Defense
DEF
8 filings
$1.2M on those filings
Veterans
VET
8 filings
$1.2M on those filings
Medical/Disease Research/Clinical Labs
MED
6 filings
$930K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
114th Congress
21st Century Cures Act
8 filingsthrough 2016
H.R. 5894118th CongressMaking appropriations for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and related agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes.6 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 2225117th CongressNational Science Foundation for the Future Act6 filingsthrough 2022
S. 1260117th CongressUnited States Innovation and Competition Act of 20216 filingsthrough 2022
S. 2012115th CongressTribal Economic Assistance Act of 20176 filingsthrough 2018
S. 2012114th CongressEnergy Policy Modernization Act of 20166 filingsthrough 2016
H.R. 3838119th CongressStreamlining Procurement for Effective Execution and Delivery and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20265 filingsthrough 2026
S. 2296119th CongressNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20265 filingsthrough 2026
H.R. 6395116th CongressWilliam M. (Mac) Thornberry National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20215 filingsthrough 2020
H.R. 3878114th CongressStrengthening Cybersecurity Information Sharing and Coordination in Our Ports Act of 20155 filingsthrough 2016
H.R. 5293114th CongressDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 20175 filingsthrough 2016
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
