Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
Issue areas declared on the filings, ranked by how many filings name each one.
Minting/Money/Gold Standard
MON
16 filings
$380K on those filings
Education
EDU
9 filings
$95K on those filings
Health Issues
HCR
Bills named in the filings
Every bill reference extracted from the filings' activity descriptions.
H.R. 1831118th CongressTo award a Congressional Gold Medal to Billie Jean King, an American icon, in recognition of a remarkable life devoted to championing equal rights for all, in sports and in society.7 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 1831119th CongressTo direct the Secretary of Homeland Security to carry out a pilot program for the prevention and mitigation of acts of terrorism using motor vehicles, and for other purposes.6 filingsthrough 2026
Jessica Anne MandelMiller Strategies, LLC17 filingsthrough 2026
George Nicholas CaramMiller Strategies, LLCCovered position: Staff Officer, Special Assistant, National Security Council; Sr. Legislative Assistant, Legislative Assistant, Legislative Correspondent, Sr. Staff Assistant, Rep. Kevin McCarthy; Special Assistant, Rep. C.W. Bill Young.14 filingsthrough 2026
Stephen RuppelMiller Strategies, LLC14 filingsthrough 2026
The filings
The 20 most recent of 26 filings. Every figure above is built from these records.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: united-states-tennis-association.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
6 filings
$45K on those filings
Sports/Athletics
SPO
2 filings
$20K on those filings
Family issues/Abortion/Adoption
FAM
1 filing
$15K on those filings
Housing
HOU
1 filing
$10K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
119th Congress
Protecting the USMCA from Harmful Chinese Investment Act
6 filingsthrough 2026
S. 2861118th CongressBillie Jean King Congressional Gold Medal Act5 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 4147117th CongressTo award a Congressional Gold Medal to Billie Jean King, in recognition of her contribution to the Nation and her courageous and groundbreaking leadership advancing equal rights for women and the LGBTQ community in athletics, education, and our society.3 filingsthrough 2022
H.R. 4147118th CongressReproductive Health Care Training Act of 20231 filingthrough 2023
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Ashley Gunn
Miller Strategies, LLC
Covered position: Special Asst to the President, Senior Director, White House Office of Cabinet Affairs.
