Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
Mary Elizabeth StantonInvariant LLCCovered position: Legislative Assistant, Senator Herb Kohl; Policy Advisor, Senate Aging Committee; Legislative Assistant, Rep. Anthony Weiner; Legislative Correspondent, Senator Herb Kohl; Staff Assistant, Senator Herb Kohl; Intern, Rep. Richard Gephardt46 filingsthrough 2026
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: space-exploration-technologies-corp.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
36 filings
$2M on those filings
Science/Technology
SCI
8 filings
$620K on those filings
Transportation
TRA
7 filings
$560K on those filings
Labor Issues/Antitrust/Workplace
LBR
7 filings
$420K on those filings
Budget/Appropriations
BUD
4 filings
$220K on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX
2 filings
$160K on those filings
Consumer Issues/Safety/Products
CSP
1 filing
$90K on those filings
Trade (domestic/foreign)
TRD
1 filing
$90K on those filings
Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities
FIN
1 filing
$10K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
115th Congress
Make America Secure Appropriations Act, 2018
7 filingsthrough 2018
H.R. 3267115th CongressCommerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 20187 filingsthrough 2018
H.R. 3354115th CongressMake America Secure and Prosperous Appropriations Act, 20187 filingsthrough 2018
S. 1519115th CongressNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20187 filingsthrough 2018
S. 1662115th CongressCommerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 20187 filingsthrough 2018
H.R. 6131119th CongressIncreasing Access to Mental Health in Schools Act6 filingsthrough 2026
H.R. 6131118th CongressCommercial Space Act of 20236 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 4521117th CongressStrategic Competition Act of 20216 filingsthrough 2022
S. 933119th CongressNASA Transition Authorization Act of 20255 filingsthrough 2026
H.R. 3935118th CongressFAA Reauthorization Act of 20245 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 2500116th CongressNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20205 filingsthrough 2019
H.R. 6395116th CongressWilliam M. (Mac) Thornberry National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20215 filingsthrough 2020
H.R. 5666116th CongressNational Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 20204 filingsthrough 2020
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Miller Strategies, LLC
Covered position: Staff Officer, Special Assistant, National Security Council; Sr. LA, LA, LC, Sr. Staff Asst, Rep. Kevin McCarthy; Special Asst, Rep. C.W. Bill Young
Jonathan HilerMiller Strategies, LLCCovered position: Director of Legislative Affairs, Office of the Vice President, Mike Pence; Legislative Director, Senator Tom Cotton; Legislative Director, Rep. Tom Cotton; Policy Advisor, Rep. Mike Pence; Policy Advisor, Rep. Jeb Hensarling21 filingsthrough 2026
Jessica Anne MandelMiller Strategies, LLC21 filingsthrough 2026
Eric RosenInvariant LLCCovered position: Asst US Atty, N. Dist of CA, Dept of Justice (2006-2007) Counsel, Sen. Judiciary Comm (2001-2006); Leg. Dir, Rep. Anthony Weiner (1999-2001); Dep Dir, Dept of Justice Office of Intergovt Affair (1997-1999); Leg. Asst, Rep. Chet Atkins (1992-1993)21 filingsthrough 2021
Ashley GunnMiller Strategies, LLCCovered position: Special Asst to the President, Senior Director, White House Office of Cabinet Affairs.20 filingsthrough 2026
Samual George LoveInvariant LLCCovered position: Sen. Cory Gardner: Legislative Assistant (2015-2021); Legislative Aide/Director of Correspondence (2015); Rep. Cory Gardner: Legislative Aide/Legislative Correspondent (2013-2014); Legislative Correspondent (2013)17 filingsthrough 2024
Peter MitchellCapitol Alliance Group, IncCovered position: Chief of Staff for Senator Bill Nelson (Florida); retired from this position in 2015.16 filingsthrough 2024
Stephen RuppelMiller Strategies, LLC12 filingsthrough 2026
Anne MacmillanInvariant LLCCovered position: Sr Advisor, Deputy Chief of Staff, US Dept. of Agriculture (2010-2014); Policy Advisor, Speaker Nancy Pelosi (2009-2010); Legislative Assistant/Legislative Director, Rep. Dennis Cardoza (2003-2009); Staff Assistant, Rep. Bob Matsui (2001-2002)11 filingsthrough 2022
Amy SwongerInvariant LLCCovered position: Asst for Leg Aff, Pres. Trump 2020-2021; Dep Asst for Leg Aff, Pres. Trump 2017-2020; Whip Liaison, Sen. Trent Lott 2007-2008; Dep Asst for Leg Aff, VP Cheney 2004-2006; Fl Asst, Sen. Mitch McConnell 2003-2004; Leg. Asst, Sen. Trent Lott 2001-200210 filingsthrough 2025
Robert HoffmanInvariant LLCCovered position: Legislative Director/ Acting Chief of Staff, Senator Mike DeWine; Legislative Director, Senator Larry Pressler10 filingsthrough 2018
Paul ArcangeliInvariant LLCCovered position: House Armed Services committee: Staff Dir. (2019-2022), Minority Staff Dir. (2011-2019), Staff Dir. (2009-2011), Deputy Staff Dir. (2008-2009), Professional Staff Member (2004-2008); DOD Humanitarian Demining training center: Dir. (2001-2004)7 filingsthrough 2025
Jonathan BeckerInvariant LLCCovered position: Chief of Staff, Senator Amy Klobuchar; Chief Counsel, Senator Amy Klobuchar7 filingsthrough 2017
Sean JoyceInvariant LLCCovered position: Rep Bill Shuster: Communications Director, Legislative Director, Shared employee w/ Transportation & Infrastructure Committee; Chief of Staff, Rep. Patrick McHenry6 filingsthrough 2018
James E EatonCapitol Alliance Group, Inc5 filingsthrough 2022
Anne PalisiInvariant LLCCovered position: Chief of Staff, Rep. Diane Black; Deputy Director of Member Services, Speaker John Boehner; Director Special Projects, Education and the Workforce Committee5 filingsthrough 2018
Patrice WilloughbyInvariant LLCCovered position: Dep Assoc Admin, Intergovt Affairs Office, GSA; Exec Dir, CBC, Rep. Barbara Lee; Leg Asst, Counsel, Chief/Staff, Rep. Tubbs Jones3 filingsthrough 2018
Larissa MartinezInvariant LLCCovered position: Executive Director and Senior Policy Advisor, Senator Deb Fischer; Legislative Assistant, Senator Chuck Hagel; Legislative Correspondent, Representative Nathan Deal; Assistant Scheduler, Senator Johnny Isakson3 filingsthrough 2018
Howard SchweitzerCozen O'Connor Public StrategiesCovered position: General Counsel, Export-Import Bank2 filingsthrough 2019
Stephen BaileyInvariant LLCCovered position: Sr Tax Csl, Cong Jnt Comm on Deficit Reduction; Sr Analyst, Revenue/Tax Csl, Sen. Budget Comm.; Leg Asst/ Tax Counsel, Sen. Kent Conrad2 filingsthrough 2016
Morgan Lorraine VinaInvariant LLCCovered position: COS, International Security Affairs, Office of the Sec. of Defense (19-21); COS, U.S. Mission to UN, DOS (18-19); Sr Advisor, U.S. Mission to UN, DOS (17-18); Sr Policy Analyst, U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign1 filingthrough 2024
Kevin WalshInvariant LLCCovered position: Special Assistant, Senator Claire McCaskill (2008-2011)1 filingthrough 2022
Venkatasatya KroviInvariant LLCCovered position: Rep. Brenda Lawrence: Chief of Staff (2019-2020); Deputy Chief of Staff & Leg. Director (2018-2019); Leg. Director (2017-2018); Senior Leg. Asst/Policy Advisor (2015-2017); Rep. Charlie Melancon: Staff Asst/Leg. Correspondent (2009-2011)1 filingthrough 2021
Covered positions · 22 of 29 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
