Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: southern-methodist-university.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
MED
30 filings
$815K on those filings
Science/Technology
SCI
28 filings
$875K on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX
22 filings
$605K on those filings
Defense
DEF
12 filings
$310K on those filings
Natural Resources
NAT
12 filings
$293K on those filings
Aerospace
AER
8 filings
$240K on those filings
Health Issues
HCR
8 filings
$225K on those filings
Energy/Nuclear
ENG
4 filings
$120K on those filings
Torts
TOR
3 filings
$90K on those filings
Law Enforcement/Crime/Criminal Justice
LAW
1 filing
$30K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
118th Congress
Caring for Survivors Act of 2023
8 filingsthrough 2024
S. 238117th CongressCollege Athlete Economic Freedom Act8 filingsthrough 2022
S. 414117th CongressAmateur Athletes Protection and Compensation Act of 20218 filingsthrough 2022
H.R. 2841117th CongressStudent Athlete Level Playing Field Act6 filingsthrough 2022
S. 936119th CongressWEST Act of 20254 filingsthrough 2025
H.R. 7683118th CongressRespecting the First Amendment on Campus Act4 filingsthrough 2024
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
ROBERT BABCOCK jrAxadvocacy Government RelationsCovered position: Senior Legislative Assistant/Legislative Assistant, Congressman Steve King; Legislative Aide/Legislative Correspondent/Staff Assistant, Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison; Regional Administrator, GSA Greater Southwest Region.
15 filingsthrough 2026
Jeffrey W MunkHogan Lovells Cadwalader US LLP (Fka Hogan Lovells US LLP)Covered position: Legis.Coun, Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison14 filingsthrough 2012
Arthur Warren ScottAxadvocacy Government RelationsCovered position: Staff Assistant, Senator Cornyn; Intern, Senator Cornyn; Intern, Senator Wicker12 filingsthrough 2026
Susan Mccolley BenhoffBaker Botts, L.L.P.Covered position: Legislative Asst., Rep., Jennifer Dunn and Counselor to Dep. Sec., USDOT10 filingsthrough 2017
Robert Babcock, Jr.Clark Hill, PLCCovered position: Regional Administrator, GSA Greater Southwest Region; Senior Legislative Assistant/Legislative Assistant, Congressman Steve King; Legislative Aide/Legislative Correspondent/Staff Assistant, Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison.9 filingsthrough 2023
Kevin F KellyClark Hill, PLCCovered position: Chief Counsel/Floor Asst, Sec of the Democratic Conference; Chief Clerk/Maj Staff Dir, Senate VA/HUD Approps Subcomm8 filingsthrough 2022
Samantha DravisAxadvocacy Government RelationsCovered position: Sr. Counsel, Assoc. Admin for Policy, EPA; Assoc. Dir., Office of Pol. Affairs, White House George W. Bush, Leg. Asst., Dan Lungren; Comm Intern, Sam Brownback; Exec. Asst. John Peterson.7 filingsthrough 2024
W. Michael HouseHogan Lovells Cadwalader US LLP (Fka Hogan Lovells US LLP)5 filingsthrough 2009
Andrew Raebel MillerClark Hill, PLCCovered position: Leg.Correspondent/Special Asst./Staff Asst. - Sen. Ted Cruz4 filingsthrough 2022
Grace BodwellAxadvocacy Government RelationsCovered position: Staff Asst., Rep. Alex Mooney1 filingthrough 2025
John CulbersonClark Hill, PLCCovered position: Member of Congress1 filingthrough 2021
Leticia MederosClark Hill, PLCCovered position: Leg. Dir./Chief of Staff - Cong. Rosa DeLauro; Chief of Staff - Cong. Michelle Lujan Grisham; Dir. Labor Policy - Ed. and Labor Cmte, Cong. George Miller; Dir. of Labor Policy - Sen HELP Cmte, Sen. Patty Murray; Senior Leg. Asst - Cong.Carrie Meek1 filingthrough 2021
Covered positions · 13 of 18 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
