Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: snap-inc.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
LAW
27 filings
$3.9M on those filings
Economics/Economic Development
ECN
3 filings
$90K on those filings
Science/Technology
SCI
3 filings
$90K on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX
1 filing
$90K on those filings
Manufacturing
MAN
1 filing
$50K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
119th Congress
App Store Accountability Act
5 filingsthrough 2026
S. 1748119th CongressKids Online Safety Act5 filingsthrough 2026
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Covered position: Sp. Asst. to POTUS for Economic Policy; Chief Counsel House E&C Committee; COS FCC Commissioner Michael ORielly; Counsel Senate Commerce Committee; Leg. Counsel Sen. Tim Scott; Sen. Counsel Sen. DeMint; Leg. Counsel Sen. Fitzgerald
14 filingsthrough 2024
Heather PodestaInvariant LLCCovered position: Counsel, Representative Robert Matsui,Counsel, Representative Earl PomeroyLegislative Fellow, Senator Bill BradleyResearch Assistant, Congressional Budget Office14 filingsthrough 2017
Syd TerryBgr Government AffairsCovered position: COS, Rep. Jan Schakowsky; Policy Coordinator for Energy & Commerce; LD, Rep. Jan Schakowsky; Sr. LA, Rep. Mark Pocan; LA for Rep Pocan, Intern Senator Salazar, Intern Senator Levin11 filingsthrough 2026
Ed PaganoAkin Gump Strauss Hauer & FeldCovered position: Advsr, Sen Harkin, 2014; Dep Asst to the President for Leg Affairs and Sen Liaison, Exec Ofc of the President, 2012-14; CoS, Sen Leahy, 2005-11; Sr Cnsl, Sen Judiciary Comm, 1997-04;10 filingsthrough 2026
Jonathan MantzBgr Government AffairsCovered position: See prior filing9 filingsthrough 2023
Fred TurnerBgr Government AffairsCovered position: COS, Sen. Menendez; COS, US Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe; COS, Rep. Hastings, Associate Staff of House Rules Committee9 filingsthrough 2023
Casey Christine HigginsAkin Gump Strauss Hauer & FeldCovered position: Asst to Spkr for Policy and Trade Cnsl, Paul Ryan, Nov 15-Jan 19; Trade Cncl to House Ways & Means, Jan 15-Nov 15; LC to Rep. Paul Ryan, Oct 11-Jan 15; Law Clrk House Budget Comm, Sep 09-May 10.8 filingsthrough 2026
Benjamin KleinInvariant LLCCovered position: Legislative Assistant, Senator Byron Dorgan8 filingsthrough 2015
Sam OlswangerAkin Gump Strauss Hauer & FeldCovered position: Leg staff, Rep Webster, Jan 11-Jun 11; intrn, Rep Blackburn, Sep 08-Dec 087 filingsthrough 2026
Jonathan BeckerInvariant LLCCovered position: Chief of Staff, Senator Amy Klobuchar; Chief Counsel, Senator Amy Klobuchar7 filingsthrough 2017
Robert HoffmanInvariant LLCCovered position: Legislative Director/ Acting Chief of Staff, Senator Mike DeWine; Legislative Director, Senator Larry Pressler7 filingsthrough 2017
Eric RosenInvariant LLCCovered position: Asst. U.S. Attorney, Northern District of CaliforniaLegislative Director, Rep. Anthony WeinerDeputy Dir, U.S. Dept of Justice, Ofc of Intergovt AffairsLegislative Assistant, Rep. Chet Atkins7 filingsthrough 2015
William CrozerBgr Government AffairsCovered position: Special Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs5 filingsthrough 2026
Joshua TeitelbaumAkin Gump Strauss Hauer & FeldCovered position: Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce, 2014-2016; Staff Director, US Senate HELP Subcommittee on Children and Families, 2013-2014; Legislative Assistant, Senator Kay Hagan, 2011-2013; Legislative Counsel, Congressman Steve Israel, 2009-20115 filingsthrough 2026
Andrew HowellMonument Advocacy5 filingsthrough 2017
Stephanie MartzMonument AdvocacyCovered position: Chief Counsel, Senator Charles Schumer; Special Assistant and Senior Counsel to the President, Office of White House Counsel5 filingsthrough 2017
E. Ashley HoyMonument AdvocacyCovered position: Director of Coalitions, Senate Republican Conference Office of the Vice Chairman: Director of Coalitions, Office of the Minority Whip; Legislative Director, Legislative Assistant, Legislative Correspondent, Admin Assistant, Rep. Sue Myrick5 filingsthrough 2017
CHARLES STEWART VERDERY jrMonument AdvocacyCovered position: Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security; Consultant, Department of Homeland Security; General Counsel, Assistant Senate Majority Leader Don Nickles; Counsel, Senate Committee on the Judiciary.5 filingsthrough 2017
Bill VineyBgr Government AffairsCovered position: See prior filing4 filingsthrough 2023
Erskine W WellsBgr Government AffairsCovered position: See prior filing4 filingsthrough 2022
Andrew J LewinBgr Government AffairsCovered position: See prior filing4 filingsthrough 2022
John PizzuroSnap Inc.2 filingsthrough 2026
Daniel R MurphyBgr Government AffairsCovered position: See prior filing2 filingsthrough 2022
Jen Becker-PolletAkin Gump Strauss Hauer & FeldCovered position: Clrk, SenApproFSGG, 5/2024-3/2026; Prof Stff Mmbr, SenApproEWD, 3/2020-4/2024; Rep Lowey: Leg Cnsl, 4/2018-3/2020; Leg Asst, Leg Cnsl, 4/2016-4/2018; Leg Asst, 2/2015-4/2016; Rep Maloney: Leg Asst, 5/2013-9/2013; Leg Fllw, 9/2012-5/2013.1 filingthrough 2026
Covered positions · 25 of 27 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
