Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
Eric RosenInvariant LLCCovered position: Asst US Atty, N. Dist of CA, Dept of Justice (2006-2007); Counsel, Sen. Judiciary Comm (2001-2006); Leg. Dir, Rep. Anthony Weiner (1999-2001); Dep Dir, Dept of Justice Office of Intergovt Affair (1997-1999); Leg. Asst, Rep. Chet Atkins (1992-1993)18 filingsthrough 2026
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: shopify-inc.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
28 filings
$3.7M on those filings
Computer Industry
CPI
25 filings
$3.4M on those filings
Copyright/Patent/Trademark
CPT
21 filings
$3.8M on those filings
Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities
FIN
20 filings
$1.4M on those filings
Banking
BAN
16 filings
$3.4M on those filings
Environment/Superfund
ENV
13 filings
$2M on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX
13 filings
$1.9M on those filings
Trade (domestic/foreign)
TRD
13 filings
$1.5M on those filings
Labor Issues/Antitrust/Workplace
LBR
8 filings
$1.6M on those filings
Law Enforcement/Crime/Criminal Justice
LAW
1 filing
$50K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
S. 2710117th CongressOpen App Markets Act4 filingsthrough 2022
S. 2992117th CongressAmerican Innovation and Choice Online Act4 filingsthrough 2022
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Samual George LoveInvariant LLCCovered position: Sen. Cory Gardner: Legislative Assistant (2015-2021); Legislative Aide/Director of Correspondence (2015); Rep. Cory Gardner: Legislative Aide/Legislative Correspondent (2013-2014); Legislative Correspondent (2013)
15 filingsthrough 2025
Adin MengelInvariant LLC11 filingsthrough 2025
Jonathan Mark BydlakShopify Inc10 filingsthrough 2026
Jaclyn Olivia NeumanShopify IncCovered position: Director of Operations, Office of Rep. Brian Mast7 filingsthrough 2025
Cristina FloresShopify IncCovered position: Senior Protocol Officer, U.S. Department of State, and Director of Scheduling and Advance, U.S. Department of Education6 filingsthrough 2026
Jennifer HaynesInvariant LLCCovered position: Leg. Dir, Sen Ernst(23-24); Prof. Staff Member, House Judiciary(23); Leg. Dir, Rep Issa(21-23); Rep Lesko: Leg. Dir(19-21); Sr. Leg. Asst(18-19); Leg. Correspondent, Sen Kennedy(17-18); Sen Cassidy: Leg. Correspondent(16-17); Dep. Scheduler(15-17)5 filingsthrough 2026
Theodore TanzerInvariant LLCCovered position: Sr. Counsel, House Energy & Commerce (23-24); Counsel, Commissioner Feldman, US CPSC (19-22); Pro. Staff Member, Sen. Commerce Committee (19); Law Clerk, Sen. Commerce Committee (18-19); Fellow, Sen. Thune (18); Intern, Sen. Repub. Conference (18)5 filingsthrough 2025
Caroline KitchensShopify Inc5 filingsthrough 2023
Amy SwongerInvariant LLCCovered position: Asst for Leg Aff, Pres. Trump 2020-2021; Dep Asst for Leg Aff, Pres. Trump 2017-2020; Whip Liaison, Sen. Trent Lott 2007-2008; Dep Asst for Leg Aff, VP Cheney 2004-2006; Fl Asst, Sen. Mitch McConnell 2003-2004; Leg. Asst, Sen. Trent Lott 2001-20024 filingsthrough 2022
Clark RabbiorShopify Inc4 filingsthrough 2021
Jeff SadoskyShopify IncCovered position: Communications Director, Sen. Rob Portman (2010-2013); Communications Director, Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison (2008-2010); Press Secretary, Sen. Mike DeWine (2005-2006)3 filingsthrough 2026
Anne MacmillanInvariant LLCCovered position: Sr Advisor, Deputy Chief of Staff, US Dept. of Agriculture (2010-2014); Policy Advisor, Speaker Nancy Pelosi (2009-2010); Legislative Assistant/Legislative Director, Rep. Dennis Cardoza (2003-2009); Staff Assistant, Rep. Bob Matsui (2001-2002)3 filingsthrough 2022
Vivek NarayanadasShopify Inc3 filingsthrough 2021
Maryam MujicaShopify Inc2 filingsthrough 2021
Covered positions · 12 of 18 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
