Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
Issue areas declared on the filings, ranked by how many filings name each one.
Defense
DEF
19 filings
$900K on those filings
Trade (domestic/foreign)
TRD
2 filings
$75K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
Bills named in the filings
Every bill reference extracted from the filings' activity descriptions.
H.R. 3597119th CongressProtecting Circuit Boards and Substrates Act2 filingsthrough 2026
H.R. 3249118th CongressProtecting Circuit Boards and Substrates Act2 filingsthrough 2023
Michael HersonAmerican Defense International18 filingsthrough 2026
Patrick Michael LargeAmerican Defense InternationalCovered position: Chief of Staff to Rep Steve Palazzo, Legislative Assistant to Rep. Sullivan, Legislative Correspondent to Rep. Charles Boustany13 filingsthrough 2026
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: printed-circuit-board-association-of-america.
$75K
fees reported
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Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
spend on filings that named this issue
118th Congress
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024
1 filingthrough 2023
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Continental Strategy, LLC
Covered position: Former Legislative Assistant to Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith
3 filingsthrough 2026
Josh MartinAmerican Defense InternationalCovered position: Chief of Staff to Rep Mac Thornberry, Health Policy Director to Senator Richard Burr, Legislative Director and Deputy Chief of Staff to Congressman Michael Burgess3 filingsthrough 2023
PAUL CALKINS jrContinental Strategy, LLC2 filingsthrough 2026
Carol DankoContinental Strategy, LLC2 filingsthrough 2026
Timothy CostaContinental Strategy, LLCCovered position: Chief of Staff to Dan Meuser1 filingthrough 2026
Covered positions · 4 of 9 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
