Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
This organization files only for itself — no outside firm has reported fees for it.
Reported as lobbying expenses
Money reported as spent on lobbying rather than as a fee paid to an outside firm. See the full list.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: princeton-university.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
TAX
60 filings
$6.5M on those filings
Education
EDU
60 filings
$6.3M on those filings
Science/Technology
SCI
59 filings
$6.1M on those filings
Defense
DEF
44 filings
$5.1M on those filings
Immigration
IMM
44 filings
$5M on those filings
Health Issues
HCR
20 filings
$2.5M on those filings
Aviation/Airlines/Airports
AVI
10 filings
$910K on those filings
Homeland Security
HOM
8 filings
$880K on those filings
Government Issues
GOV
8 filings
$690K on those filings
Sports/Athletics
SPO
4 filings
$610K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
117th Congress
American Dream and Promise Act of 2021
8 filingsthrough 2022
S. 264117th CongressDream Act of 20218 filingsthrough 2022
S. 1405115th CongressFederal Aviation Administration Reauthorization Act of 20178 filingsthrough 2018
H.R. 1806114th CongressAmerica COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 20158 filingsthrough 2016
S. 1260117th CongressUnited States Innovation and Competition Act of 20216 filingsthrough 2022
S. 839117th CongressCollege Transparency Act6 filingsthrough 2022
H.R. 6116th CongressAmerican Dream and Promise Act of 20196 filingsthrough 2020
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
9 filings
through 2026
Covered positions · 1 of 5 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
