Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: portland-state-university.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
2 filings
$80K on those filings
Manufacturing
MAN
1 filing
$40K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
110th Congress
Orphan Works Act of 2008
6 filingsthrough 2008
S. 2913110th CongressShawn Bentley Orphan Works Act of 20086 filingsthrough 2008
S. 23112th CongressAmerica Invents Act1 filingthrough 2011
S. 729111th CongressNamed in the filings; no matching bill record on file.1 filingthrough 2010
H.R. 1195110th CongressSAFETEA-LU Technical Corrections Act of 20081 filingthrough 2008
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
7 filingsthrough 2009
Scott NelsonK&L Gates, LLP4 filingsthrough 2025
David SkillmanK&L Gates, LLPCovered position: Dep CoS, Counsel Rep. Earl Blumenauer4 filingsthrough 2025
Michelle GiguereSummit Strategies Government Affairs LLC3 filingsthrough 2018
W Dennis StephensK&L Gates, LLP1 filingthrough 2025
Amy CarnevaleK&L Gates, LLPCovered position: Chief of Staff, Rep. George Nethercutt, Jr.1 filingthrough 2025
Scott NelsonPortland State University1 filingthrough 2025
Amy CarnevalPortland State UniversityCovered position: Chief of Staff, Rep. George Nethercutt, Jr1 filingthrough 2025
W. Dennis StephensPortland State University1 filingthrough 2025
David Skillman (External Lobbyist, Never Should Have Been Listed)Portland State UniversityCovered position: Dep. COS, Counsel, Rep. Blumenauer1 filingthrough 2025
Covered positions · 8 of 13 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
