22 filings from 2 registrants · 2016–2023 · latest filed Oct 20, 2023
Reported on its behalf
$1.5M
every LD-2 on file
Its own filed spend
$0
lobbying for itself
Fees to outside firms
$1.5M
across every firm on file
Spend over time
Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: palo-alto-networks.
$130K
fees reported
›
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
3 filings
$90K on those filings
Intelligence
INT
1 filing
$10K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
117th Congress
Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2022
3 filingsthrough 2022
H.R. 2670118th CongressNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20242 filingsthrough 2023
H.R. 4365118th CongressDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 20242 filingsthrough 2023
S. 1605117th CongressNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20222 filingsthrough 2022
S. 3023117th CongressA bill making appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2022, and for other purposes.2 filingsthrough 2022
H.R. 2500116th CongressNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20202 filingsthrough 2019
H.R. 6395116th CongressWilliam M. (Mac) Thornberry National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20212 filingsthrough 2020
H.R. 7617116th CongressDefense, Commerce, Justice, Science, Energy and Water Development, Financial Services and General Government, Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, Transportation, Housing, and Urban Development Appropriations Act, 20212 filingsthrough 2020
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Invariant LLC
Covered position: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security, Special Assistant (2018-2021); House Armed Services cmte: Pro. Staff Member/Dep. Comms Dir. (2018); Pro. Staff Member/Press Secretary (2017-2018); Press Secretary (2015-2017)
9 filingsthrough 2023
Christopher C CoxNavigators Global LLC (Formerly DC Navigators, LLC)9 filingsthrough 2017
Josh FinestoneNavigators Global LLC (Formerly DC Navigators, LLC)9 filingsthrough 2017
Anne PalisiInvariant LLCCovered position: Director Special Projects, Education and the Workforce Committee (2016-2016)
Deputy Director of Member Services, Speaker John Boehner (2013-2015);
Chief of Staff, Rep. Diane Black (2011-2013)8 filingsthrough 2021
Andy KeiserNavigators Global LLC (Formerly DC Navigators, LLC)7 filingsthrough 2017
Ado Antony MachidaNavigators Global LLC (Formerly DC Navigators, LLC)6 filingsthrough 2017
Dena Baron SmithInvariant LLCCovered position: Subcmte Staff Dir/Clerk, Appropriations Cmte, U.S. House of Representatives (2005-2021); Pro Staff Member/Staff Asst, Appropriations Cmte, U.S. House of Representatives (1999-2004); Program Analyst, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1995-1999)4 filingsthrough 2023
Benjamin KleinInvariant LLCCovered position: Legislative Director, Senator Byron Dorgan (2007-2010);
Legislative Assistant, Senator Byron Dorgan (2005-2007)4 filingsthrough 2020
Philmore B AndersonNavigators Global LLC (Formerly DC Navigators, LLC)3 filingsthrough 2016
Heather PodestaInvariant LLCCovered position: Counsel, Representative Robert Matsui (2003); Counsel, Representative Earl Pomeroy (2002-2003); Legislative Fellow, Senator Bill Bradley (1993-1994); Research Assistant, Congressional Budget Office (1992)2 filingsthrough 2021
Amy SwongerInvariant LLCCovered position: Asst for Leg Aff, Pres. Trump 2020-2021; Dep Asst for Leg Aff, Pres. Trump 2017-2020; Whip Liaison, Sen. Trent Lott 2007-2008; Dep Asst for Leg Aff, VP Cheney 2004-2006; Fl Asst, Sen. Mitch McConnell 2003-2004; Leg. Asst, Sen. Trent Lott 2001-20021 filingthrough 2023
Covered positions · 9 of 14 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
