Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
This organization files only for itself — no outside firm has reported fees for it.
Reported as lobbying expenses
Money reported as spent on lobbying rather than as a fee paid to an outside firm. See the full list.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: michigan-state-univ.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
70 filings
$6.3M on those filings
Defense
DEF
70 filings
$6.3M on those filings
Education
EDU
70 filings
$6.3M on those filings
Health Issues
HCR
70 filings
$6.3M on those filings
Science/Technology
SCI
70 filings
$6.3M on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX
70 filings
$6.3M on those filings
Medicare/Medicaid
MMM
67 filings
$6.1M on those filings
Immigration
IMM
57 filings
$5.1M on those filings
Homeland Security
HOM
26 filings
$2.6M on those filings
Sports/Athletics
SPO
3 filings
$260K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
S. 1301115th CongressResident Physician Shortage Reduction Act of 20176 filingsthrough 2018
H.R. 1310114th CongressCampus Accountability and Safety Act6 filingsthrough 2016
H.R. 1806114th CongressAmerica COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 20156 filingsthrough 2016
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
