Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: kent-state-university.
fees reported
›
Reported as lobbying expenses
Money reported as spent on lobbying rather than as a fee paid to an outside firm. See the full list.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
30 filings
$310K on those filings
Aviation/Airlines/Airports
AVI
18 filings
$190K on those filings
Transportation
TRA
18 filings
$150K on those filings
Clean Air and Water (quality)
CAW
12 filings
$140K on those filings
Sports/Athletics
SPO
12 filings
$90K on those filings
Defense
DEF
9 filings
$110K on those filings
Science/Technology
SCI
8 filings
$80K on those filings
Disaster Planning/Emergencies
DIS
7 filings
$40K on those filings
Veterans
VET
6 filings
$60K on those filings
Minting/Money/Gold Standard
MON
6 filings
$60K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
113th Congress
Student Success Act
8 filingsthrough 2014
H.R. 933113th CongressConsolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 20138 filingsthrough 2014
S. 1659113th CongressPOST Act of 20138 filingsthrough 2014
S. 1704113th CongressAffordable College Textbook Act8 filingsthrough 2014
S. 1709113th CongressAmerican Manufacturing Competitiveness Act of 20138 filingsthrough 2014
S. 1754113th CongressHigher Education Access and Success for Homeless and Foster Youth Act8 filingsthrough 2014
S. 1777113th CongressInnovate America Act8 filingsthrough 2014
H.R. 1020114th CongressSTEM Education Act of 20157 filingsthrough 2016
S. 227114th CongressStrengthening Education through Research Act7 filingsthrough 2016
H.R. 1334113th CongressEqual Access to Quality Education Act of 20137 filingsthrough 2014
H.R. 1529113th CongressStudent Aid Expansion Act of 20137 filingsthrough 2014
H.R. 1595113th CongressStudent Loan Relief Act of 20137 filingsthrough 2014
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
