60 filings from 3 registrants · 2008–2025 · latest filed Jan 20, 2026
Reported on its behalf
$4.4M
every LD-2 on file
Its own filed spend
$3.5M
lobbying for itself
Fees to outside firms
$855K
across every firm on file
Spend over time
Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: kaplan-inc.
fees reported
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Reported as lobbying expenses
Money reported as spent on lobbying rather than as a fee paid to an outside firm. See the full list.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
26 filings
$3M on those filings
Labor Issues/Antitrust/Workplace
LBR
17 filings
$1.8M on those filings
Defense
DEF
10 filings
$700K on those filings
Government Issues
GOV
3 filings
$260K on those filings
Insurance
INS
2 filings
$220K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
110th Congress
Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008
3 filingsthrough 2008
S. 22110th CongressPost-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 20073 filingsthrough 2008
S. 3447111th CongressNamed in the filings; no matching bill record on file.2 filingsthrough 2010
S. 1642110th CongressHigher Education Amendments of 20072 filingsthrough 2008
S. 3339110th CongressAn original bill to amend chapter 33 of title 38, United States Code, to clarify and improve authorities relating to the availability of post-9/11 veterans educational assistance, and for other purposes.2 filingsthrough 2008
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Karen Goldmeier GreenAkin Gump Strauss Hauer & FeldCovered position: Cnsl to Rep Robert Matsui, Aug 95-Feb 98; legal intern to ; ; S Aging Subcomm, Jun 91-Aug 918 filingsthrough 2011
