Lobbying client · LD-2 disclosures
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Massachusetts
16 filings from 1 registrant · 2020–2023 · latest filed Jan 6, 2024
Reported on its behalf
$700K
every LD-2 on file
Its own filed spend
$0
lobbying for itself
Fees to outside firms
$700K
across every firm on file
Spend over time
Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
What they lobby on
Issue areas declared on the filings, ranked by how many filings name each one.
Education
EDU
14 filings
$700K on those filings
Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities
FIN
8 filings
$350K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
Bills named in the filings
Every bill reference extracted from the filings' activity descriptions.
- S. 3548 116th CongressCARES Act5 filingsthrough 2020
- S. 3548 117th CongressVeterans Hearing Benefits Act of 20224 filingsthrough 2021
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Who did the lobbying
Every lobbyist named on this client's filings.
- Lauren Maddox Holland & Knight LLPCovered position: ​Assistant Secretary, Communications & Outreach, Dept. of Education; Communications Director, H. Republican Conference; Deputy Press Secretary, Rep. Newt Gingrich15 filingsthrough 2023
- Christopher Armstrong Holland & Knight LLPCovered position: ​Attorney, Office of Special Counsel; Investigative Counsel, Senate Finance Committee;Oversight Counsel, House Ways and Means Committee; Chief Oversight Counsel, Senate Finance Committee9 filingsthrough 2021
- Shawna Francis Watley Holland & Knight LLPCovered position: LA, Sen. J. Robert Kerrey5 filingsthrough 2021
The filings
Every filing on record. Each row links to its full disclosure.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: houghton-mifflin-harcourt.