Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: friends-of-the-earth.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
34 filings
$850K on those filings
Budget/Appropriations
BUD
26 filings
$1.3M on those filings
Food Industry (safety, labeling, etc.)
FOO
23 filings
$259K on those filings
Fuel/Gas/Oil
FUE
19 filings
$368K on those filings
Marine/Maritime/Boating/Fisheries
MAR
19 filings
$316K on those filings
Trade (domestic/foreign)
TRD
18 filings
$308K on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX
17 filings
$224K on those filings
Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities
FIN
16 filings
$957K on those filings
Education
EDU
13 filings
$1.5M on those filings
Clean Air and Water (quality)
CAW
13 filings
$207K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
118th Congress
Healthy Future Students and Earth Pilot Program Act of 2023
6 filingsthrough 2024
S. 658118th CongressEQIP Improvement Act of 20236 filingsthrough 2024
S. 1359113th CongressClean Cruise Ship Act of 20136 filingsthrough 2014
H.R. 6110th CongressEnergy Independence and Security Act of 20075 filingsthrough 2008
H.R. 6316110th CongressClimate MATTERS Act of 20085 filingsthrough 2008
H.R. 6549110th CongressTo amend section 5542 of title 5, United States Code, to provide that any hours worked by Federal firefighters under a qualified trade-of-time arrangement shall be excluded for purposes of determinations relating to overtime pay.5 filingsthrough 2008
S. 2881110th CongressClean Cruise Ship Act of 20085 filingsthrough 2008
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
through 2023
Neesha KulkarniFriends of the EarthCovered position: Legislative Associate12 filingsthrough 2010
Karen OrensteinFriends of the Earth11 filingsthrough 2016
Shawnee HooverFriends of the EarthCovered position: Legislative Director10 filingsthrough 2008
Abby Lynne BownasNvg, LLCCovered position: Staff Assistant, Sen. Bob Kerrey; Legislative Correspondent, Sen. Harry Reid; Executive Aide, Scheduler, Office Manager, Legislative Assistant, Rep. John Tierney4 filingsthrough 2021
Lisa ArcherFriends of the Earth3 filingsthrough 2013
Benjamin SchreiberFriends of the Earth3 filingsthrough 2013
William WarenFriends of the Earth3 filingsthrough 2013
Marcelin KeeverFriends of the Earth3 filingsthrough 2013
Amber SinghNvg, LLC2 filingsthrough 2023
John KaltensteinFriends of the Earth2 filingsthrough 2013
Ayla GurbuzNvg, LLC1 filingthrough 2022
Ian IlluminatoFriends of the Earth1 filingthrough 2013
Covered positions · 4 of 17 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
