Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: ernst-young-llp.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
CPI
13 filings
$650K on those filings
Government Issues
GOV
12 filings
$720K on those filings
Trade (domestic/foreign)
TRD
10 filings
$500K on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX
8 filings
$190K on those filings
Budget/Appropriations
BUD
7 filings
$400K on those filings
Defense
DEF
6 filings
$360K on those filings
Aviation/Airlines/Airports
AVI
6 filings
$360K on those filings
Immigration
IMM
3 filings
$150K on those filings
Transportation
TRA
3 filings
$150K on those filings
Firearms/Guns/Ammunition
FIR
2 filings
$120K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
110th Congress
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to modify the penalty on the understatement of taxpayer's liability by tax return preparers.
4 filingsthrough 2008
H.R. 4115111th CongressNamed in the filings; no matching bill record on file.3 filingsthrough 2010
H.R. 6039110th CongressTo amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to authorize certain aliens who have earned a master's or higher degree from a United States institution of higher education in a field of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics to be admitted for permanent residence.3 filingsthrough 2008
H.R. 7776117th CongressJames M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20231 filingthrough 2022
S. 23112th CongressAmerica Invents Act1 filingthrough 2011
H.R. 4173111th CongressNamed in the filings; no matching bill record on file.1 filingthrough 2010
S. 3217111th CongressNamed in the filings; no matching bill record on file.1 filingthrough 2010
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Mckinnon Group, LLC
50 filingsthrough 2021
Kristina KennedyAvoq, LLC41 filingsthrough 2019
Patrick BouslimanAvoq, LLCCovered position: Professional Staff, Senate Finance; Acting Chief, Healthcare, Senate Finance; Professional Staff, Health Senate Finance; Leg Asst., Senator Baucus40 filingsthrough 2022
Barry LasalaAvoq, LLCCovered position: Counsel, Senate Small Business Committee40 filingsthrough 2020
Stacey AlexanderAvoq, LLC39 filingsthrough 2020
Geoffrey C GradlerMckinnon Group, LLC37 filingsthrough 2018
Robert CogornoAvoq, LLCCovered position: Communications, Sen. Adams31 filingsthrough 2017
Joel JohnsonFgs Global (US) LLC (Fka Fgh Holdings LLC)Covered position: Communications27 filingsthrough 2015
Brian Steven GastonFgs Global (US) LLC (Fka Fgh Holdings LLC)16 filingsthrough 2015
Rebecca Louise ShawAvoq, LLCCovered position: Chief of Staff - Rep. Trey Hollingsworth; Deputy Chief of Staff & Legislative Director, Legislative Director, Sr. Legislative Assistant, Legislative Assistant - Rep. Chris Gibson; Intern - Rep. Devin Nunes13 filingsthrough 2026
Whitaker L AskewAvoq, LLC13 filingsthrough 2020
Ed KutlerAvoq, LLCCovered position: Executive Director, House Wednesday Group; Senior Advisor to Minority Whip and Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich12 filingsthrough 2020
Cedric GrantAvoq, LLCCovered position: Sr. Advisor, Rep. Rangel; Dir., WH Office of Faith Based & Neighborhood Partnerships; US Dept. of Commerce; CoS, Rep. Jeffries10 filingsthrough 2021
Bill GhentAvoq, LLCCovered position: Sen. Tom Carper (2003-2019) - Chief of staff 2015-2019; Legislative Director 2007-2015; and, Communications Director 2003-2006/9 filingsthrough 2022
Craig S BurkhardtBarnes & Thornburg, LLP8 filingsthrough 2018
Robert T GrandBarnes & Thornburg, LLP8 filingsthrough 2018
David ParagasBarnes & Thornburg, LLP8 filingsthrough 2018
Warren J. TryonMckinnon Group, LLCCovered position: Staff: Fin.Serv.Cmte, Bachus, Hill, Smith, Gorton8 filingsthrough 2015
Jason RosenbergFgs Global (US) LLC (Fka Fgh Holdings LLC)Covered position: Legislative Assistant, Rep. Artur Davis8 filingsthrough 2012
Susan BrophyFgs Global (US) LLC (Fka Fgh Holdings LLC)Covered position: Affairs8 filingsthrough 2010
Andrew Engel ForbesCassidy & Associates, Inc.Covered position: Senior LA Rep Keller & LSA T&I Committee (Aviation); Legis. Director, Sen James M Inhofe; Intern, Sen Richard Lugar7 filingsthrough 2026
Michelle GreeneCassidy & Associates, Inc.Covered position: Ch Ch, Cong Affairs, OTSG; Army Lia FM&C; DepSurgGen,OTSG; Dep CH, Pt Adm, Tripler AMC; Pt Adm, Clin Ops, NARMC; Co Cdr, Walter Reed; Dep Ch, Pt Adm, Winn Hosp7 filingsthrough 2026
Sarah Young GlackinCassidy & Associates, Inc.Covered position: Professional Staff Member for the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittees on Defense, Interior, Military Quality of Life and Military Construction and VA7 filingsthrough 2026
Jamie WallAvoq, LLCCovered position: LA - Sen. Roy Blunt, LA - Sen. Kit Bond, LC - Sen. Kit Bond, Staff Asst. - Sen. Kit Bond, Constituent Svcs Caseworker - Gov. Matt Blunt7 filingsthrough 2018
Vin WeberClark & WeinstockCovered position: Member of Congress (MN)7 filingsthrough 2010
Jonathan SchwantesClark & WeinstockCovered position: General Counsel, Senate Judiciary Cmte (Kohl)7 filingsthrough 2010
Covered positions · 32 of 50 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
