Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
What they lobby on
Issue areas declared on the filings, ranked by how many filings name each one.
Trade (domestic/foreign)
TRD
70 filings
$1.1M on those filings
Defense
DEF
70 filings
$1.1M on those filings
Postal
POS
Bills named in the filings
Every bill reference extracted from the filings' activity descriptions.
H.R. 2184113th CongressWE CARE Act8 filingsthrough 2014
H.R. 2184112th CongressRare Earth Policy Task Force and Materials Act5 filingsthrough 2012
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: edmund-optics-inc.
70 filings
$1.1M on those filings
Budget/Appropriations
BUD
70 filings
$1.1M on those filings
Science/Technology
SCI
59 filings
$885K on those filings
Telecommunications
TEC
23 filings
$345K on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX
23 filings
$345K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
116th Congress
William M. (Mac) Thornberry National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021
1 filingthrough 2020
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
