180 filings from 7 registrants · 2008–2025 · latest filed Nov 6, 2025
Reported on its behalf
$33.3M
every LD-2 on file
Its own filed spend
$31.2M
lobbying for itself
Fees to outside firms
$2M
across every firm on file
Spend over time
Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: discover-financial-services.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
53 filings
$24.5M on those filings
Homeland Security
HOM
34 filings
$18.3M on those filings
Intelligence
INT
32 filings
$17.1M on those filings
Postal
POS
21 filings
$25K on those filings
Consumer Issues/Safety/Products
CSP
8 filings
$3.8M on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX
8 filings
$2.2M on those filings
Housing
HOU
7 filings
$3.7M on those filings
Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities
FIN
4 filings
$200K on those filings
Copyright/Patent/Trademark
CPT
1 filing
$200K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
H.R. 1560114th CongressTo improve cybersecurity in the United States through enhanced sharing of information about cybersecurity threats, to amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to enhance multi-directional sharing of information related to cybersecurity risks and strengthen privacy and civil liberties protections, and for other purposes.9 filingsthrough 2016
H.R. 2205114th CongressData Security Act of 20159 filingsthrough 2016
H.R. 1382118th CongressTABS Act of 20238 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 1533118th CongressPromoting New and Diverse Depository Institutions Act8 filingsthrough 2024
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Larry LaroccoLarocco & Associates, Inc.Covered position: Congressman - Idaho, 1st District
Robert J BrinkmannLaw Offices of Robert J. Brinkmann, LLC12 filingsthrough 2012
Robert J BrinkmannFord & Huff Lc11 filingsthrough 2015
Diana Banks ThompsonDiscover Financial ServicesCovered position: Special Assistant, Dept. of Defense (Schedule C)8 filingsthrough 2025
Kwabena Kwabena NsiahThegroup DC, LLCCovered position: Congressional Black Caucus, Policy Director; Rep. Richmond, Chief of Staff4 filingsthrough 2025
Jorge A AguilarThegroup DC, LLCCovered position: Communications Intern, Rep. Grayson; CHCI Public Policy Fellow, Office of Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid4 filingsthrough 2025
Larry LaroccoBrownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP4 filingsthrough 2010
Kareem DaleDiscover Financial ServicesCovered position: Special Assistant to the President on Disability Policy, White House Domestic Policy Council and White House Office of Public Engagement2 filingsthrough 2021
Covered positions · 5 of 14 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
