Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
Issue areas declared on the filings, ranked by how many filings name each one.
Real Estate/Land Use/Conservation
RES
14 filings
$580K on those filings
Budget/Appropriations
BUD
6 filings
$220K on those filings
Science/Technology
Bills named in the filings
Every bill reference extracted from the filings' activity descriptions.
H.R. 7617116th CongressDefense, Commerce, Justice, Science, Energy and Water Development, Financial Services and General Government, Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, Transportation, Housing, and Urban Development Appropriations Act, 20212 filingsthrough 2020
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: density-inc.
fees reported
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Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
SCI
4 filings
$160K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
Dena Baron SmithInvariant LLCCovered position: Subcmte Staff Dir/Clerk, Appropriations Cmte, U.S. House of Representatives (2005-2021); Pro Staff Member/Staff Asst, Appropriations Cmte, U.S. House of Representatives (1999-2004); Program Analyst, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1995-1999)
4 filingsthrough 2024
Max WhitcombInvariant LLCCovered position: Sr Advisor, Committee on Oversight and Reform (20-23); Sr Policy Advisor, Joint Economic Committee (18-20); Leg Asst, Rep. Carolyn B. Maloney (16-18); Leg Correspondent, Rep. Carolyn B. Maloney (15-16); Staff Asst, Rep. Carolyn B. Maloney (14-15)4 filingsthrough 2024
Sam OlswangerAkin Gump Strauss Hauer & FeldCovered position: Leg staff, Rep Webster, Jan 11-Jun 11; intrn, Rep Blackburn, Sep 08-Dec 083 filingsthrough 2024
Ed PaganoAkin Gump Strauss Hauer & FeldCovered position: Advsr, Sen Harkin, 2014; Dep Asst to the President for Leg Affairs and Sen Liaison, Exec Ofc of the President, 2012-14; CoS, Sen Leahy, 2005-11; Sr Cnsl, Sen Judiciary Comm, 1997-042 filingsthrough 2024
Covered positions · 7 of 7 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
