Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: commercial-spaceflight-federation.
fees reported
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Reported as lobbying expenses
Money reported as spent on lobbying rather than as a fee paid to an outside firm. See the full list.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
52 filings
$30K on those filings
Transportation
TRA
16 filings
$260K on those filings
Defense
DEF
12 filings
$20K on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX
4 filings
Small Business
SMB
2 filings
$20K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
113th Congress
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2013
11 filingsthrough 2014
S. 2800116th CongressNational Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 202010 filingsthrough 2020
S. 1329113th CongressCommerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 20149 filingsthrough 2014
S. 919116th CongressSpace Frontier Act of 20198 filingsthrough 2020
H.R. 2787113th CongressCommerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 20148 filingsthrough 2014
H.R. 3083113th CongressIdaho Safe and Efficient Vehicle Act of 20138 filingsthrough 2014
H.R. 3565118th CongressSpectrum Auction Reauthorization Act of 20237 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 3883118th CongressTo nullify Public Land Order No. 7921, withdrawing certain land in the Railroad Valley of Nye County, Nevada, from mineral entry.7 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 3935118th CongressFAA Reauthorization Act of 20247 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 5666116th CongressNational Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 20207 filingsthrough 2020
H.R. 2262114th CongressU.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act7 filingsthrough 2015
S. 1297114th CongressU.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act7 filingsthrough 2015
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
James T WalshK&L Gates, LLPCovered position: U.S. Congressman
16 filingsthrough 2015
Daniel RitterK&L Gates, LLPCovered position: Counsel, Sen. Subcomm. on Education, Arts & Humanities15 filingsthrough 2015
Meredith Elise GuentherCommercial Spaceflight FederationCovered position: Intern with Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney's office; Special Assistant at the Senate Commerce Committee; Legislative Assistant at the Senate Commerce Committee; Professional Staff Member at the Senate Commerce Committee12 filingsthrough 2024
Nicholas LeibhamK&L Gates, LLP12 filingsthrough 2015
Bruce HeimanK&L Gates, LLP11 filingsthrough 2012
Alexander SaltmanCommercial Spaceflight Federation10 filingsthrough 2014
