Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: combat-displays-inc.
$88K
fees reported
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Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
1 filing
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
H.R. 2647111th CongressNamed in the filings; no matching bill record on file.2 filingsthrough 2009
H.R. 1540112th CongressNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20121 filingthrough 2011
H.R. 2219112th CongressDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 20121 filingthrough 2011
S. 1253112th CongressNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20121 filingthrough 2011
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
8 filings
through 2012
Mark KulungowskiInnovative Federal Strategies, LLC6 filingsthrough 2009
Stacy LadwigInnovative Federal Strategies, LLCCovered position: Scheduler, Rep. Erik Paulsen1 filingthrough 2012
Covered positions · 2 of 7 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
