Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: charles-schwab-co-inc.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
BAN
71 filings
$2.5M on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX
34 filings
$1.3M on those filings
Consumer Issues/Safety/Products
CSP
6 filings
$180K on those filings
Housing
HOU
3 filings
$80K on those filings
Disaster Planning/Emergencies
DIS
1 filing
$40K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
119th Congress
Digital Asset Market Clarity Act
4 filingsthrough 2026
H.R. 4206118th CongressBank Safety Act of 20244 filingsthrough 2024
S. 3217111th CongressNamed in the filings; no matching bill record on file.4 filingsthrough 2010
H.R. 2319115th CongressConsumer Financial Choice and Capital Markets Protection Act of 20183 filingsthrough 2018
H.R. 4624112th CongressInvestment Adviser Oversight Act of 20123 filingsthrough 2012
H.R. 3026110th CongressMilitary Spouses Memorial Act of 20073 filingsthrough 2008
H.R. 3185110th Congress401(k) Fair Disclosure for Retirement Security Act of 20073 filingsthrough 2008
H.R. 3915110th CongressMortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act of 20073 filingsthrough 2008
H.R. 958110th CongressData Accountability and Trust Act3 filingsthrough 2008
S. 2155115th CongressEconomic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act2 filingsthrough 2018
H.R. 1081112th CongressConsumers Payment System Protection Act2 filingsthrough 2011
S. 575112th CongressDebit Interchange Fee Study Act of 20112 filingsthrough 2011
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Daniel F. C. CrowleyK&L Gates, LLPCovered position: GC, Office of the Speaker; GC, Committee on House Oversight ; ; Minority Counsel, Committee on House Administration
28 filingsthrough 2018
Lawrence J RomansLawrence J. Romans & Associates, LLCCovered position: Chief of Staff, Rep. Bruce F. Vento24 filingsthrough 2014
Travis Johnson1607 Strategies, LLCCovered position: Deputy Chief of Staff, Senator David Vitter; Staff Director, Senate Banking Subcommittee on Economic Policy; Legislative Director, Rep John Shadegg; Sr. Legislative Assistant, Rep Tom Price; Staff Assistant, House Committee on Transportation.16 filingsthrough 2026
Andres GilK&L Gates, LLP13 filingsthrough 2015
William KirkK&L Gates, LLP12 filingsthrough 2015
Jennifer JacobyInvariant LLC10 filingsthrough 2026
Thomas BoydVenable LLP7 filingsthrough 2026
Sarah DonovanVenable LLP7 filingsthrough 2026
Emily Threadgill1607 Strategies, LLCCovered position: Director of Scheduling and External Affairs, Small Business Administration; Deputy Director of Member Services, Office of the House Majority Leader; Staff Assistant, Office of the Majority Leader.7 filingsthrough 2024
James T WalshK&L Gates, LLP7 filingsthrough 2015
Caroline Rafferty1607 Strategies, LLCCovered position: Staff Assistant, Senate Veterans Affairs Committee; Tour and Intern Coordinator, Senator Richard Burr.6 filingsthrough 2026
Mark Andrew RoszakK&L Gates, LLP6 filingsthrough 2017
Bruce HeimanK&L Gates, LLP6 filingsthrough 2014
Joshua H RaymondVenable LLPCovered position: Budget and Policy Analyst, Office of Management and Budget; Legislative Assistant, Rep. Darlene Hooley; Chief of Staff, Rep. Christopher S. Murphy5 filingsthrough 2026
Jonathan HilerMiller Strategies, LLCCovered position: Director of Legislative Affairs, Office of the Vice President, Mike Pence; Legislative Director, Senator Tom Cotton; Legislative Director, Rep. Tom Cotton; Policy Advisor, Rep. Mike Pence; Policy Advisor, Rep. Jeb Hensarling.5 filingsthrough 2026
