Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
H.R. 246115th CongressTo repeal the annual fee on health insurance providers enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.8 filingsthrough 2018
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: blue-cross-blue-shield-of-michigan.
fees reported
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Reported as lobbying expenses
Money reported as spent on lobbying rather than as a fee paid to an outside firm. See the full list.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
52 filings
$4.1M on those filings
Pharmacy
PHA
50 filings
$7M on those filings
Insurance
INS
47 filings
$440K on those filings
Budget/Appropriations
BUD
15 filings
$618K on those filings
Government Issues
GOV
7 filings
$1.2M on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
114th Congress
To repeal the annual fee on health insurance providers enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
8 filingsthrough 2016
H.R. 3162110th CongressChildren's Health and Medicare Protection Act of 20078 filingsthrough 2008
H.R. 4531118th CongressSupport for Patients and Communities Reauthorization Act6 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 5378118th CongressLower Costs, More Transparency Act6 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 5746118th CongressAddressing Whole Health in Medicare Advantage Act6 filingsthrough 2024
S. 1869118th CongressSITE Act6 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 2166117th CongressEnsuring Parity in MA and PACE for Audio-Only Telehealth Act of 20216 filingsthrough 2022
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Abby MatousekMl Strategies, LLC
10 filingsthrough 2015
Andrew ShinMl Strategies, LLCCovered position: Policy Fellow, House E&C Committee8 filingsthrough 2015
Eli GreenspanMl Strategies, LLCCovered position: Legislative Correspondent, U.S. Senator Martin Heinrich5 filingsthrough 2016
Kevin Michael KappelMl Strategies, LLC5 filingsthrough 2013
Robert Conklin SkinnerMl Strategies, LLCCovered position: Legislative Correspondent, U.S. Sen. Chris Bond4 filingsthrough 2013
Covered positions · 5 of 9 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
