8 filings from 1 registrant · 2023–2025 · latest filed Oct 20, 2025
Reported on its behalf
$580K
every LD-2 on file
Its own filed spend
$0
lobbying for itself
Fees to outside firms
$580K
across every firm on file
Spend over time
Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
What they lobby on
Issue areas declared on the filings, ranked by how many filings name each one.
Science/Technology
SCI
8 filings
$580K on those filings
Defense
DEF
7 filings
$530K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
Bills named in the filings
Every bill reference extracted from the filings' activity descriptions.
H.R. 8070118th CongressServicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20253 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 8774118th CongressDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 20253 filingsthrough 2024
Charles LaddInvariant LLCCovered position: Policy Assistant, Commodity Futures Trading Commission (2020-2021); Intern, Offi ce of Senator Michael D. Crapo (2019)9 filingsthrough 2025
Paul ArcangeliInvariant LLCCovered position: House Armed Services committee: Staff Dir. (2019-2022), MinorityStaffDir. (2011-2019), Staff Dir. (2009-2011), Deputy Staff Dir. (2008-2009),Professional Staff Member (2004-2008); DOD Humanitarian Deminingtraining center: Dir. (2001-2004)7 filingsthrough 2025
Melanie HarrisInvariant LLCCovered position: Program Examiner, National Security Division, White House Offi ce ofManagement and Budget (2015 - 2019); Professional Staff Member,House of Representatives Armed Services Committee (2019 - 2022)6 filingsthrough 2024
The filings
Every filing on record. Each row links to its full disclosure.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: appen-ai-inc.
118th Congress
Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2025
2 filingsthrough 2024
H.R. 3838119th CongressStreamlining Procurement for Effective Execution and Delivery and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20261 filingthrough 2025
H.R. 4016119th CongressDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 20261 filingthrough 2025
S. 2296119th CongressNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20261 filingthrough 2025
S. 2572119th CongressDepartment of Defense Appropriations Act, 20261 filingthrough 2025
S. 2226118th CongressNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20241 filingthrough 2024
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Samual George LoveInvariant LLCCovered position: Sen. Cory Gardner: Legislative Assistant (2015-2021); LegislativeAide/Director of Correspondence (2015); Rep. Cory Gardner: LegislativeAide/Legislative Correspondent (2013-2014); LegislativeCorrespondent(2013)3 filingsthrough 2024
Jonathan MontanoInvariant LLC2 filingsthrough 2025
Elizabeth ThompsonInvariant LLCCovered position: Acting Team Chief for A&S, OSD/LA, Pentagon (2022); Special Asst., A&S, OSD/LA, Pentagon (2021-2022); Rep Garamendi: Sr. Defense & Foreign Policy Advisor (2019-2021); Military Leg. Asst. (2017-2019); Leg. Correspondent (2015-2017)2 filingsthrough 2023
Covered positions · 5 of 6 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
