Every filing period on record, as reported. One column per filed period — a period with no column is a period with no filing, not a zero.
Basis · Amendments and terminations supersede the original report for the same registrant, client and period, so a revised quarter is counted once at its latest filed value. Registration-only filings carry no activity money and are excluded from these totals.
Who lobbies for them
Every outside firm that has filed on this client's behalf, by fees reported.
This record groups every filed spelling of the client's name into one entity, so "MERCK & CO., INC." and "MERCK & CO INC" read as the same company. The grouping is the client's normalized name — organizations that file under genuinely different names appear separately. Handle: american-iron-and-steel-institute.
Reading this · LD-2 reports a hired firm's fee and a registrant's reported expenses on separate lines and never both on one filing, so the two lists above are different quantities and are ranked separately rather than against each other. Firm names link to their own record as the firms chapter lands.
85 filings
$10.6M on those filings
Trade (domestic/foreign)
TRD
83 filings
$11.2M on those filings
Labor Issues/Antitrust/Workplace
LBR
67 filings
$10.1M on those filings
Taxation/Internal Revenue Code
TAX
58 filings
$8.2M on those filings
Budget/Appropriations
BUD
52 filings
$7.3M on those filings
Manufacturing
MAN
31 filings
$2.9M on those filings
Agriculture
AGR
23 filings
$4.4M on those filings
Tariff (miscellaneous tariff bills)
TAR
8 filings
$1.9M on those filings
Roads/Highway
ROD
2 filings
$41K on those filings
Clean Air and Water (quality)
CAW
1 filing
$221K on those filings
Note · A filing names one to several issue areas and reports a single dollar figure for the period, so the same money appears beside every issue that filing declares. The dollar column is therefore spend on filings that named this issue — it is not a split of the total, and these figures sum above it. Filing counts do not double-count.
113th Congress
Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act
9 filingsthrough 2014
H.R. 639112th CongressCurrency Reform for Fair Trade Act9 filingsthrough 2012
S. 662113th CongressTrade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Reauthorization Act of 20138 filingsthrough 2014
S. 328112th CongressCurrency Reform for Fair Trade Act8 filingsthrough 2012
S. 1187117th CongressEliminating Global Market Distortions To Protect American Jobs Act of 20217 filingsthrough 2022
H.R. 644114th CongressTrade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 20157 filingsthrough 2016
H.R. 820114th CongressCurrency Reform for Fair Trade Act7 filingsthrough 2016
S. 433114th CongressCurrency Undervaluation Investigation Act7 filingsthrough 2016
S. 891114th CongressLeveling the Playing Field Act7 filingsthrough 2016
How these are found · Bill references are extracted from the free-text activity description each filing writes, then matched to the Congress in session that filing year. A reference we can't match to a bill on file is still shown, unlinked — we cite what the filing said rather than guess at what it meant. Naming a bill is not a position on it: LD-2 records that a client lobbied on the bill, never which side.
Beth Debrosse Ludwig
American Iron and Steel Institute
Covered position: LD, Rep. Dave Hobson; LD, Rep. Steve Austria
26 filingsthrough 2016
Jessie T PerkinsAmerican Iron and Steel InstituteCovered position: Counselor, DOT; Sr. LA Rep. Ros-Lehtinen23 filingsthrough 2017
Richard TavolettiAmerican Iron and Steel Institute21 filingsthrough 2018
Robert HickmottThe Smith-Free Group, LLC19 filingsthrough 2014
Bob MossBob Moss Associates18 filingsthrough 2014
Katie CalligaroAmerican Iron and Steel Institute16 filingsthrough 2018
Walter J "Chip" FoleyAmerican Iron and Steel Institute15 filingsthrough 2012
Charles ShippSc Partners LLC15 filingsthrough 2012
JACK S DEUSER jrThe Smith-Free Group, LLC12 filingsthrough 2014
Thomas James GibsonAmerican Iron and Steel InstituteCovered position: Maj. Deputy Staff Dir, SEPW; Chief of Staff, EPA12 filingsthrough 2012
Raphael GoodsteinAmerican Iron and Steel InstituteCovered position: Legislative Correspondent, Senator Debbie Stabenow11 filingsthrough 2019
Dana Schneeberger WoodKelley Drye & Warren LLP11 filingsthrough 2011
Chase ClanahanAmerican Iron and Steel InstituteCovered position: Legislative Director, Rep. Carlos Gimenez; Deputy Legislative Director, Rep. John Shimkus10 filingsthrough 2025
Jennifer L DigginsAmerican Iron and Steel InstituteCovered position: Dir. of Operations, U.S. Rep9 filingsthrough 2009
Barry D SolarzAmerican Iron and Steel Institute9 filingsthrough 2009
Laura HyldenAmerican Iron and Steel Institute8 filingsthrough 2013
David ZiembaAmerican Iron and Steel InstituteCovered position: Legislative Correspondent, U.S. Sen. Evan Bayh8 filingsthrough 2009
Lawrence KavanaghAmerican Iron and Steel Institute7 filingsthrough 2011
Christopher L HughesAmerican Iron and Steel Institute5 filingsthrough 2011
James D SchultzAmerican Iron and Steel Institute5 filingsthrough 2008
ANDREW G SHARKEY iiiAmerican Iron and Steel Institute4 filingsthrough 2008
Jonathan D GledhillPolicy Navigation Group3 filingsthrough 2018
Stephen Adam FrancisErnst & Young LLP (Washington Council Ernst & Young)Covered position: 96-00 LD to Rep. John Kasich; 01-11 Deputy CoS to Rep. Tiberi3 filingsthrough 2015
Jeremy HekhuisAmerican Iron and Steel InstituteCovered position: Legislative Director, Senator Sherrod Brown; Deputy Staff Director, Senate Banking Committee; General Counsel / Deputy Staff Director, Senate Banking Committee; Chief of Staff, Representative Jamie Raskin2 filingsthrough 2026
Amy SwongerErnst & Young LLP (Washington Council Ernst & Young)Covered position: 1995 Intern to Rep. Walter Jones; 96-00 LA to Rep. Walter Jones ; 01-02 LA to Senate Maj/Min Leader Trent Lott; 03-04 Fl Asst to Sen Maj Whip McConnell; 04-06 Dep Asst for Leg Aff to VP Dick Cheney; 2007 Whip Liaison to Sen Min Whip Trent Lott.2 filingsthrough 2015
Covered positions · 15 of 38 lobbyists named on these filings disclosed a prior government post. The text is reproduced exactly as filed.
